Spinoza

Spinoza viewed the concept of God as the total sum of everything that exists in the universe. Everything you see in nature, every mathematical formula used to describe the heavens, to every meaning that any creature has ever given to any thing.

It’s life’s energy, or the fact that ‘something’ exists, rather than nothing.

Amsterdam was a place for freethinkers in the 17th century.

The Frenchman René Decartes is another famous philosopher who lived in Amsterdam. From when he was about 34 until he was 54.

Descartes's decision to move to the Netherlands was driven by a desire for intellectual freedom and a more peaceful environment for his studies. He found Amsterdam to be a place where he could escape the distractions of Parisian society and pursue his philosophical and scientific inquiries with greater focus. His house at Westermarkt 6, now a private residence, is a significant historical site for those interested in his life and work.

As he walked the streets of Amsterdam and scurried from place to place in order to concentrate. He reached an essential truth: the only thing we can be sure of, is that we exist. ‘I think, therefore I am’, Descartes wrote.

A stone remembers Descartes work here at his former residence at Westermarkt 6. Is says.

Quel autre pays ou on puisse jouir d'une liberte entiere?

(In welk ander land kan men een zo volkomen vrijheid genieten?)

In which other country can one enjoy such complete liberty?